The US secretary of state has said a move by Israel’s parliament towards annexation of the occupied West Bank would threaten Washington’s plan to end the conflict in Gaza.

“That’s not something we can be supportive of right now,” Marco Rubio said before leaving for Israel as part of US efforts to shore up a fragile ceasefire deal.

In an apparent attempt to embarrass Israel’s prime minister, far-right politicians took the symbolic step of giving preliminary approval to a bill granting Israel authority to annex the West Bank.

At the end of his own trip to Israel, US Vice-President JD Vance said: “If it was a political stunt, it was a very stupid political stunt and I personally take some insult.”

“The West Bank is not going to be annexed by Israel. The policy of the Trump administration is that the West Bank will not be annexed by Israel,” he told reporters at Tel Aviv’s Ben Gurion airport on Thursday.

“That will continue to be our policy. If people want to take symbolic votes, they can do that. But we certainly weren’t happy about it.”

The Palestinians claim the West Bank – occupied by Israel since 1967 – as part of a hoped-for independent state.

Last year, the International Court of Justice – the UN’s top court – said Israel’s occupation was illegal under international law.

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has previously spoken in support of annexing West Bank land but has not advanced this due to the risk of alienating the US – Israel’s most important ally – and Arab countries which have built relations with Israel after decades of enmity.

Ultra-nationalists in Netanyahu’s governing coalition have repeatedly called for Israel to annex the West Bank outright, though the bill was put forward by MPs outside the government.

The bill passed in a 25-24 vote. It is unclear whether it has support to win a majority in the 120-seat Knesset (parliament), and there are ways the prime minister can delay or defeat it.

The bill will now be discussed by the Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defence Committee and would have to pass three more readings to become law.

The Palestinian foreign ministry condemned the Knesset’s move, saying Israel would have no sovereignty over Palestinian land.

Israel has built about 160 settlements housing 700,000 Jews during its occupation of the West Bank and East Jerusalem. An estimated 3.3 million Palestinians live alongside them.

The settlements are illegal under international law – a position supported by an advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice last year.

As he boarded the plane to Israel, Rubio said annexation would be “counterproductive” and “threatening” for the peace deal – reiterating US opposition to annexation.

His visit on Thursday comes hot on the heels of trips by Vance and two US special envoys, as the Trump administration attempts to push for the start of talks on the second critical phase of his 20-point Gaza peace plan.

The first phase – which includes a ceasefire, the partial withdrawal of Israeli forces and an influx of aid – came into effect earlier this month.

Both Israel and Hamas have accused each other of breaching the agreement over deadly incidents, but it has so far held.

Rubio voiced similar optimism to that of Vance for preserving the ceasefire.

“Every day there’ll be threats to it, but I actually think we’re ahead of schedule in terms of bringing it together, and the fact that we made it through this weekend is a good sign,” he said.

The second phase of the peace plan would involve setting up an interim government in Gaza, deploying an international stabilisation force, the withdrawal of Israeli troops, and the disarmament of Hamas.

The war in Gaza began with the Hamas-led attack on southern Israel on 7 October 2023, in which around 1,200 people were killed and 251 taken hostage.

In the ensuing conflict, more than 68,000 Palestinians have been killed in Gaza, according to the territory’s Hamas-run health ministry, whose figures are seen by the UN as reliable.

‘Even the land for the dead is now the only refuge for the living,’ one Gaza resident says.

Tens of thousands of displaced Palestinians who lack shelter or a home to return to after Israel destroyed their residences across Gaza are pitching tents in graveyards as a last resort, as the humanitarian catastrophe in the enclave remains acute despite a fragile ceasefire deal.

“This graveyard wasn’t meant for the living,” Al Jazeera’s Hind Khoudary said, reporting from the southern city of Khan Younis. “But today, it’s home to dozens of families who have nowhere else to go.”

Khoudary said Palestinians were camping at the site “not because they want to, but because it’s the last free space available”.

“Graveyards have become shelters not out of choice, but out of desperation,” she added.

Rami Musleh, a father of 12 who was displaced from the northern Gaza town of Beit Hanoon, could not find any viable option other than the graveyard.

“For parents, the emotional toll is heavy. The psychological trauma of war is made worse by having to raise children among tombstones,” Musleh told Al Jazeera.

Another resident, Sabah Muhammed, said the cemeteries have now lost all their sacredness.

“Graveyards, once sacred spaces for the dead, are now silent witnesses to a living crisis. No water, no electricity, and no privacy … only the bare minimum to survive,” she told Al Jazeera.

“In Gaza, even the land for the dead is now the only refuge for the living.”

According to the United Nations, at least 1.9 million people – or about 90 percent of the population – across the Gaza Strip have been displaced during the war. Many have been displaced repeatedly, some 10 times or more.

Palestinians in southern Gaza are squeezed into overcrowded shelters as Israel issued forced orders for residents of northern Gaza and Gaza City to evacuate and then bombarded many as they fled south.

The price of renting even a square metre of land to pitch a tent is prohibitive for many displaced Palestinians, who lack a stable income and are dependent on scarce humanitarian assistance.

UNRWA, the UN agency for Palestinians, said 61 million tonnes of debris now cover Gaza and entire neighbourhoods have been erased. It said families were searching the ruins for shelter and water.

While a fragile ceasefire has been in effect since October 10, Israel is continuing to heavily restrict humanitarian aid into Gaza. The International Court of Justice on Wednesday ruled Israel must allow aid into Gaza, stating it cannot use starvation “as a method of warfare”.

Aid is mainly being channelled into the central and southern parts of the Gaza Strip through the Karem Abu Salem (Kerem Shalom) crossing, while none of the crossings in the north have been opened.